pass

pass¹ W1S1 [pa:s US pæs] v

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1¦(go past)¦

2¦(move/go)¦

3¦(put)¦

4¦(road/river etc)¦

5¦(give)¦

6¦(give information)¦

7¦(time)¦

8¦(exam/test)¦

9¦(law/proposal)¦

10¦(happen)¦

11¦(say)¦

12 let something pass

13¦(end)¦

14¦(sport)¦

15¦(more than)¦

16 pass unnoticed

17 pass the time of day (with somebody)

18¦(change control)¦

19¦(change)¦

20 pass (a) sentence (on somebody)

21 pass judgment (on somebody)

22¦(give no answer)¦

23¦(not accept)¦

24 not pass somebody's lips

25¦(waste matter)¦

26 come to pass

Phrasal verbs

　pass as somebody/something

　pass something<=>around

　pass away

　pass by

　pass something<=>down

　pass for somebody/something

　pass off

　pass on

　pass out

　pass over

　pass something<=>up

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[Date: 1200-1300; : Old French; Origin: passer, from Vulgar Latin passare, from Latin passus 'step']

1.) ¦(GO PAST)¦ [I and T]

to come up to a particular place, person, or object and go past them

▪ The crowd parted to let the truck pass.

▪ He gave me a smile as he passed.

▪ We passed a group of students outside the theatre.

▪ I pass the sports centre on the way to work.

2.) ¦(MOVE/GO)¦ [I always + adverb/preposition]

to go or travel along or through a place

▪ He passed along the corridor to a small room at the back of the building.

▪ We passed through the gates into a courtyard behind.

▪ We were just passing through (=travelling through a place) and thought we'd drop in to see you.

3.) ¦(PUT)¦ [T always + adverb/preposition]

to put something around, through, or across something else

▪ He passed the rope carefully around the post.

4.) ¦(ROAD/RIVER ETC)¦ [I always + adverb/preposition, T]

a road, river, or railway line that passes a place goes through or near the place

▪ The road passes right through the town centre.

▪ The main railway line passes just north of Manchester.

5.) ¦(GIVE)¦ [T]

to hold something in your hand and give it to someone else

▪ Pass the salt, please.

pass sb sth

▪ Can you pass me that bag by your feet?

pass sth to sb

▪ She passed a cup of tea to the headmaster.

▪ I passed the note back to her.

→pass around

6.) ¦(GIVE INFORMATION)¦ [T always + adverb/preposition]

to give information or a job to another person so that they can deal with it

pass sth (on/over/back) to sb

▪ I'll pass the information on to our sales department.

▪ They've passed the enquiry over to the police.

7.) ¦(TIME)¦

a)

if time passes, it goes by

▪ The days passed slowly.

▪ She became more ambitious as the years passed.

▪ They sat in silence while the minutes passed.

▪ Hardly a day passes without more bad news about the economy (=there is bad news almost every day) .

b) [T]

if you pass time or pass your life in a particular way, you spend it in that way

▪ We passed the winter pleasantly enough.

▪ We played cards to pass the time (=to help us stop feeling bored) .

8.) ¦(EXAM/TEST)¦

a) [I and T]

to succeed in an examination or test

≠ ↑fail

▪ Did you pass all your exams?

▪ He hasn't passed his driving test yet.

▪ She passed with flying colours (=got very high marks) .

b) [T]

to officially decide that someone has succeeded in an examination or test

≠ ↑fail

▪ The examiners will only pass you if they feel that you have done the work properly.

9.) ¦(LAW/PROPOSAL)¦

a) [T]

to officially accept a law or proposal, especially by voting

▪ Plans to extend the hotel have now been passed.

▪ The motion was passed by 16 votes to 11.

pass a law/bill/act

▪ The first Transport Act was passed in 1907.

▪ The government has passed new legislation to protect consumers.

▪ The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations.

b) [I and T] [i]especially AmE if a law or proposal passes an official group, it is officially accepted by that group

▪ The bill failed to pass the House of Representatives.

10.)¦(HAPPEN)¦ [I always + adverb/preposition]

written if something passes between people, they speak to each other or do something together

pass between

▪ A glance of recognition passed between them.

▪ Please say nothing of what has passed here today.

11.) ¦(SAY)¦

pass a remark/comment

to say something that gives your opinion

▪ I'm afraid I can't pass any comment on this matter.

▪ He passed some remark about doctors being paid too much.

12.) let sth pass

to deliberately not say anything when someone says or does something that you do not like

▪ Carla made some comment about my work but I decided to let it pass .

13.) ¦(END)¦

to end or stop

▪ After a couple of hours the storm passed.

▪ The feeling of sickness soon passed.

14.) ¦(SPORT)¦ [I and T]

to kick, throw, or hit a ball to a member of your own team during a game

pass to

▪ He passed to Beckham on the edge of the penalty area.

pass sth to sb

▪ Are you allowed to pass the ball back to the goalkeeper?

15.) ¦(MORE THAN)¦ [T]

to become more than a particular number or amount

▪ The number of unemployed has passed the two million mark for the first time.

16.) pass unnoticed

to happen without anyone noticing or saying anything

▪ His resignation passed largely unnoticed.

17.) pass the time of day (with sb)

to talk to someone for a short time in order to be friendly

18.) ¦(CHANGE CONTROL)¦ [I always + preposition] [i]formal

to change from being controlled or owned by one person to being controlled or owned by someone else

pass to

▪ The land will pass to my son when I die.

▪ Control of these services has now passed into the hands of the local authorities.

19.) ¦(CHANGE)¦ [I always + preposition] formal

to change from one state or condition into another

pass from/to

▪ The chemical passes from a liquid to a solid state during the cooling process.

20.) pass (a) sentence (on sb)

to officially decide how a criminal will be punished, and to announce what the punishment will be

▪ Judges no longer have the power to pass the death sentence.

21.) pass judgment (on sb)

to give your opinion about someone's behaviour

▪ I don't want to pass judgment on my colleagues.

22.) ¦(GIVE NO ANSWER)¦

to give no answer to a question because you do not know the answer

▪ 'Who won the World Cup in 1998?' 'Pass.'

23.) ¦(NOT ACCEPT)¦ [I]

to not accept an invitation or offer

pass on

▪ I'm afraid I'll have to pass on that offer of coffee.

24.) not pass sb's lips

[i]humorous

a) used to say that someone does not talk about something that is secret

▪ Don't worry. Not a word of this will pass my lips.

b) used to say that someone does not eat or drink a particular thing

▪ Not a drop of liquor has passed my lips.

25.) ¦(WASTE MATTER)¦ [T]

medical to let out a waste substance from your ↑bladder or ↑bowel s

▪ See your doctor immediately if you pass any blood.

▪ He was having difficulty passing water (=letting outurine) .

26.) come to pass

literary or biblical to happen

→pass muster at ↑muster² (1)

→pass the buck at ↑buck¹ (3)

pass as / [pass as sb/sth] phr v

if someone or something can pass as someone or something, they are similar enough to be accepted as that type of person or thing

▪ His French is so good that he can pass as a Frenchman.

pass around [pass sth<=>around] phr v

to offer or show something to each person in a group

▪ Pass the cookies around, would you?

→pass the hat round/around at ↑hat

pass away phr v

to die - use this when you want to avoid saying the word 'die'

pass by phr v

1.) pass by (sb/sth)

to go past a person, place, vehicle etc

▪ They all waved as they passed by.

▪ Will you be passing by the supermarket on your way home?

→↑passerby

2.) pass sb by

if something passes you by, it happens but you are not involved in it

▪ She felt that life was passing her by.

pass down [pass sth<=>down] phr v

to give or teach something to people who are younger than you or live after you

pass sth down (from sb) to sb

▪ The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.

pass for / [pass for sb/sth] phr v

if something passes for another thing, it is so similar to that thing that people think that is what it is

▪ With my hair cut short, I could have passed for a boy.

pass off phr v

1.) pass off well/badly etc

if an event passes off well, badly etc, it happens in that way

▪ The visit passed off without any serious incidents.

2.) pass sb/sth off as sth

to make people think that someone or something is another thing

▪ They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them off as valuable antiques.

▪ He passed himself off as a doctor.

pass on phr v

1.) pass sth<=>on

to give someone a piece of information that someone else has given to you

pass something<=>on to

▪ She said she'd pass the message on to the other students.

2.) pass sth<=>on

a) to give something, especially a disease, to your children through your ↑gene s

b) to give a slight illness to someone else

pass something<=>on to

▪ One catches the virus and they pass it on to the rest.

3.) pass sth<=>on

to make someone else pay the cost of something

pass something<=>on to

▪ Any increase in our costs will have to be passed on to the consumer.

4.) to die - use this when you want to avoid saying the word 'die'

pass out phr v

1.) to become unconscious

▪ I nearly passed out when I saw all the blood.

2.) especially BrE to finish a course of study at a military school or police college

3.) pass sth<=>out

to give something, such as books or papers, to everyone in a group

= ↑hand out,↑distribute

pass over phr v

1.) pass sb<=>over [usually in passive]

if you pass someone over for a job, you choose someone else who is younger or lower in the organization than them

▪ This is the second time I've been passed over for promotion (=someone else has been given a higher job instead of me) .

2.) pass over sth

if you pass over a remark or subject, you do not spend any time discussing it

▪ I want to pass over this quite quickly.

▪ I think we'd better pass over that last remark.

pass up [pass sth<=>up] phr v

to not make use of a chance to do something

pass up a chance/opportunity/offer

▪ I don't think you should pass up the opportunity to go to university.

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HINT sense 7

It is more usual to say that you spend time doing something than you 'pass time' doing something: I spent (NOT passed) the whole day watching TV.

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pass ²

pass² W3S2 n

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1¦(document)¦

2¦(exam/test)¦

3¦(sport)¦

4 make a pass at somebody

5¦(road/path)¦

6¦(stage)¦

7¦(aircraft)¦

8 come to a pretty/sorry pass

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[Sense: 1-4, 6-8; Date: 1400-1500; Origin: PASS¹]

[Sense: 5; Date: 1200-1300; : Old French; Origin: pas, from Latin passus; PASS¹]

1.) ¦(DOCUMENT)¦

an official piece of paper which shows that you are allowed to enter a building or travel on something without paying

▪ The guard checked our passes.

▪ They issued us with free passes to the theatre.

▪ You can buy a cheap one-day bus pass .

2.) ¦(EXAM/TEST)¦

a successful result in an examination

≠ ↑fail

▪ You will need at least three passes to get onto the course.

pass in

▪ Did you get a pass in English?

▪ The pass mark (=the mark you need to be successful) is 55%.

3.) ¦(SPORT)¦

when you kick, throw, or hit a ball to another member of your team during a game

▪ That was a brilliant pass by Holden.

4.) make a pass at sb informal

to try to kiss or touch another person with the intention of starting a sexual relationship with them

5.) ¦(ROAD/PATH)¦

a high road or path that goes between mountains to the other side

▪ a narrow, winding mountain pass

6.) ¦(STAGE)¦

one part of a process that involves dealing with the whole of a group or thing several times

▪ On the first pass we eliminated all the candidates who didn't have the right experience.

7.) ¦(AIRCRAFT)¦

a movement in which an aircraft flies once over a place which it is attacking

8.) come to a pretty/sorry pass

old-fashioned informal if things have come to a pretty or sorry pass, a situation has become very bad